Abstract: Every year ARI in young children is responsible for an estimated 3.9 million deaths worldwide. It is estimated that Bangladesh, India Indonesia and Nepal together account for 40 per cent of the global ARI mortality about 90 percent of the ARI deaths are due to pneumonia, which is usually bacterial in origin. The present study was carried out to study the prevalence of ARI among under-five, and to study risk factors associated with ARI. The study was conducted in urban slum area among 157 under five children for a period of four weeks. The prevalence of ARI was found to be 22.8%. It was associated with illiteracy of mother and father, lower social class. But it was not found to be associated with overcrowding and cross ventilation. 

Abstract: The liver has an important role in thyroid hormone metabolism its manufactures of protein that bind thyroid hormone such as thyroxin binding globulin (TBG), prealbumin and albumin, it’s also the major site of thyroid hormone peripheral metabolism and is involved in its conjugation of biliary excretion, oxidative deamination and extra thyroidal deiodination  of thyroxin (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) and reverse T3.The goal of the study is to assess the relationship and interconnection between hypothyroidism and chronic liver disease specially cirrhosis patients. This is a retrospective, cohort study design, in which the medical records of cirrhosis patient who had been enrolled in The Asian institute of gastroenterology hospital in Hyderabad from January 2013 to December 2013. All patients selected for this study were diagnosed as type of cirrhosis in the line with the criteria set up by WHO. The study is comparative study containing two groups (1) cases and (2) controls. The total number of case groups is 310 cirrhotic patients aged 20-80 years.  Both genders included .Male are 211 and Female are 99. The control group comprised randomly selected non cirrhosis subjects. The total number of control subjects is 250 aged 20-80 years. Male are 145 and female are 105. The result showed that there was a significantly increased between cirrhotic patients and non-cirrhotic subjects for TSH and slightly decreased T3 and T4 where the p value is 0.039, 0.014 and 0.245 respectively. The mean of TSH levels of cirrhotic patients is higher than the mean of non-cirrhotic subjects and show significant difference. And also there is significant difference for T4 between two groups, but T3 seems no significant difference between two groups.