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Title : An Interesting Nanosponges as a Nanocarrier for Novel drug delivery: A Review
Authors Pooja Bhargavi Dhavala, V S Vinai Kumar Tenneti
Abstract: Effective targeted drug delivery systems have been a dream for a long time, but it has been largely frustrated by the complex chemistry that is involved in the development of new systems. Targeting drug delivery has long been a problem for medical researchers i.e., how to get them to the right place in the body and how to control the release of the drug to prevent overdoses. The development of new and complex molecule called ’nanosponges’ has the potential to solve this problem Nanosponges have emerged as the most challenging drug delivery system. Nanosponges play a vital role in targeting drug delivery in a controlled released rate. A nanosponge is a novel and emerging technology which offers targeted and controlled drug delivery for topical as well as oral use. A large variety of substances or drugs can be encapsulated in to the wide cavities of nanosponges. Another important feature of these nanosponges is their water soluble. The nanosponges carry both lipophilic and hydrophilic substances and mostly improve the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. Nanosponges play a vital role in targeting drug delivery in a controlled manner. A wide variety of drugs can be loaded into nanosponge for targeting drug delivery. Both lipophilic as well as hydrophilic drugs can be loaded into nanosponges. Nanosponge drug delivery system has emerged as one of the most promising fields in life science. In this review advantages and disadvantages, applications, preparative methods, loading of drug into the nanosponges, evaluation techniques, different formulations of drugs and recent studies on nanosponges have been discussed.
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1-7 |
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Title : Protective impact of basil (Ocimum basilicum) on adriamycin induced reproductive toxicity in male albino rats
Authors Sakr S.A., Bayomy M.F.F., Gendia S.E
Abstract - The protective effect of basil (Ocimum basilicum) against anticancer drug adriamycin induced testicular toxicity was investigated in albino rats. Animals were divided into four groups. G1 was considered as control. G2 was orally given aqueous O. basilicum extract at a dose level of 20 ml/ kg 5 days / week for 8 weeks. G3 was injected intraperitonealy with ADR at a dose level of 2 mg/kg body weight in saline, once per week for 8 weeks. G4 was i.p.injected with ADR followed by oral administration with aqueous O. basilicum extract 5 days/ week for 8 weeks. Testes were removed and stained with H&E for histological examinations. Bcl-2 and nuclear PCNA were demonstrated immunohistochemicaly. Testosterone and LH were measured in the sera. The results showed that treating animals with ADR caused many histopathological alterations, degeneration of seminiferous tubules and loss of the spermatogenic cells. The interstitial tissue appeared with different vacuoles, blood hemorrhage anddegeneration of Leydig cells were recorded. Immunohistochemical changes were detected as strong expression of Bcl-2 in Leydig cells and decreased expression of PCNA in spermatogonia. Biochemical results showed a decrease in levels of testosterone and LH. Treating animals with ADR and O. basilicum extract caused an improvement in testicular alterations caused by ADR. Moreover, testosterone and LH increased. These findings indicated that O. basilicum extract might be having protective effect against ADR induced testicular toxicity.
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8-14 |
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Title : Profile of MDR-TB Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors Nasima Begum, Md. Mostaque Hossain Ansari, Hasna Jahan, Fahima Akhter
Abstract: Tuberculosis is a global problem and drug resistant tuberculosis enhances this problem remarkably. A lot of patients in Bangladesh are also infected with MDR TB bacilli. This descriptive study was carried out in July 2009 to 2010 among 200 patients admitted into NIDCH, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh during this study period. Census type of sampling design was followed to assess the distribution of the cases. Semi-structured pre tested questionnaire was used to collect data. SPSS computer software was used for data entry, analysis and interpretation. Out of 200 MDR patients, the large number (42%) was belonged to 20-30 years age group; male patients (62%) were more than female. Large section (44.0%) patients were from urban areas and almost similar proportion (40.5%) was smokers and one tenth of the patients gave the history of drug addiction. Considering their education, Secondary School Certificate (SSC) qualification holders were the larger group (36%) and 20% were service holder. Majority of the patients (52.0%) had previous complete treatment history and a great number (69.5%) had no history of treatment interruption.
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15-19 |
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Title : Systemic Content of Eicosanoids in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Concomitant with Coronary Heart Disease
Authors Anatoly Yachnik, Sergij Shuper, Vira Shuper
Abstract. The often-occurring combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, combined with coronary heart disease, aggravates the course of the underlying disease, changes the approaches to treatment, and recently serves as an object of scientific re-search. For effective treatment of this comorbidity it is necessary to study the fine mechanisms of pathogenesis, in particular, the state of eicosanoids, such as leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) and thromboxane (Tx) A 2 , which affect the level of systemic inflammation and aggregation of thrombocytes. The aim of the investigation was to study the content of eicosanoids – leukotriene B 4 and thromboxane A 2 (by stable metabolite TxB 2 ) in the blood serum and urine in patients with COPD, combined with СHD. Material and methods of the research. There were investigated 37 patients with exacerbation of COPD (clinical group B, GOLD II) associated with CHD – the main group, 27 patients with exacerbation of COPD (I st comparison group) and 30 patients with coronary heart disease, stable angina pectoris (II nd comparison group). Levels of TxB 2 and LTB 4 in the blood serum and urine were examined in all patients and 32 healthy volunteers, using certified in Ukraine reagents TxB2 and LTB4 ELISA kit (Enzo Life Sciences, USA) by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Results and discussion. In the blood serum of patients with COPD associated with CHD, the highest concentrations of LTÐ’ 4 and TxB 2 were marked, comparing to patients with COPD without CHD and with CHD without COPD that was accompanied by increasing of their excretion with urine. The strength and direction of correlation links between concentrations of these eicosanoids in blood serum and indices of bronchial patency indicate their negative influence at bronchial patency of patients with a combination of COPD and CHD. Correlations between concentrations of LTÐ’ 4 and TxB 2 in the blood serum in patients with combined pathology confirm their mutually reinforcing effect to systemic inflammation according to their biological actions.
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20-23 |
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