Abstract: Acute toxicity studies were done to determine the effect of gasoline and kerosene treatment on male Wister albino rats using haematological parameters. Total hydrocarbon analysis was done to determine the total hydrocarbon content of gasoline and kerosene samples used in the study. The gasoline contained C₆ – C₁₂ carbon and total hydrocarbon content of 103,741mg/L while kerosene content of C₁₂ – C₁₆ carbons and total hydrocarbon content of 65,332mg/L. The male albino rats were intraperitoneally injected with gasoline and kerosene at different dose levels (14.6, 29.2, 58.3 and 116.17g/kg gasoline, and 22.2, 44.2, 88.9 and 177.8g/kg kerosene; after determination of LD₁₀₀ from a pilot study as 116.7g/kg for gasoline and 177.8g/kg for kerosene). The LD₅₀ of gasoline was determined as 56.8g/kg and kerosene as 86.7g/kg. Result of haematological parameters Haemoglobin (Hb) and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) for kerosene and gasoline treated rats which were dose dependent showed significantly decreased mean values while White Blood Cell Count (WBC) values increased significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01 and 0.001).The major finding from this study was that both kerosene and gasoline were toxic to blood cells and the effect was dose dependent. Also the effects tended to be more pronounced for gasoline than for kerosene, suggesting that gasoline had a higher toxicity effect than kerosene. 

Abstract: Critical density of phosphorus and its various forms in the rice field’s soil Gilan city is important for biological and economic reasons. This study to determine the density of phosphorus and its various forms is performed in the rice field’s soil Gilan cities. This research is used three methods of extraction Morgan and Olson and Soltanpour to determine the density of phosphorus and there are the two methods of improved extraction of Chang and Jackson and the method Hadley et al density of phosphorus and its various forms. 20 farm among field of study were selected that soil properties that influence resorbable phosphorus plan and other forms have most of the changes. Superphosphate trpil fertilizer added on farms choice 0 and 120 kg values in hectare and critical density of phosphorus extracts that a significant correlation showed with grain yield of rice was calculated by using the Kit - Nelson visual method. The lowest level for Olsen method was16, the method of Morgan 4/5 and for Soltanpour method was 3 Mg in GE of soil. Considering the good correlation Olsen extraction method with relative yield also cheaper and less time for testing, this method is recommended as the best method for the extraction of phosphorus and phosphate fertilizers in paddy fields of northern area. Based on geographic distribution of Gilan inorganic paddies covers 37/4% of total phosphorus with 60-1427/5 range and with 353 Mg in K gr average, about 66/6% of total phosphorus and organic with25-252 range and with 250 Mg in K gr average. Between Of the various forms of in organic phosphorus were, linked phosphorus to calcium (64%) is most and then linked phosphorus to iron (31/34%) and linked phosphorus to aluminum and soluble phosphorus (0/26). It should be noted that phosphorus usable shows with all forms of phosphorus at significant correlation in 5%. But the most influence accepts in order of the linked phosphorus to aluminum, Organic phosphorus, soluble phosphorus and finally linked phosphorus to calcium. 

Abstract: Anthropogenic activities are major sources of phosphate and nitrate pollution in aquatic ecosystems. These nonpoint sources of nutrients are difficult to measure and regulate because they are derived from activities dispersed over large expanse of land and are variable in time because of weather and climate changes. In rivers, lakes and streams they cause various problems such as toxic algal blooms, hypoxia, fish deaths, loss of biodiversity and species composition, loss of aquatic plant beds and coral reefs, and other problems. Nutrient enrichment seriously impairs aquatic ecosystems usage, purposes and functions. The impacts of human and industrial activities on the nitrates and phosphate level of Nwaja Creek, Niger Delta, Nigeria were studied in this research work. The surface water samples were collected from seven sampling stations (S1 to S7) along the creek for three months May-July, 2015 (peak period for rainfall) for analyses of their temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate and phosphate content using standards methods and procedures.  In this present study DO, nitrates and phosphates have high variation across sampling stations and were quite very high when compared to other creeks surface water in Niger Delta. pH ranged between 4.16 – 7.01, temperature ranged between 21.5 – 30.05 ^oC, DO ranged between 4.50 – 13.50 mg/L, phosphate ranged between 0.89 – 14.91 mg/L, nitrate ranged between 0.56 – 9.96 mg/L. The statistical analysis of the parameters indicates that Nwaja creek surface water is highly polluted with nitrate and phosphate. Phosphate level is far above FEPA permissible limits (13.50>5.0 mg/L) and nitrate is significantly equal to it (9.96=10.0 mg/L). There is urgent need for constant monitoring and assessment of these creeks (water and sediment) for other pollutants (physicochemical, heavy metals, hydrocarbons etc.). 

Abstract: Synthetic pyrethroid (SP) pesticides have been widely used in numerous applications, with increasing usage each year. They can be transported from crop fields to adjacent streams and affect aquatic organisms. Public concern over the use of SP pesticides has arisen due to their high toxicity to fish and aquatic invertebrates. The use of water quality criteria (WQC) is aimed at protecting aquatic organisms. However, few WQC values are available for SP pesticides, especially in China. In this study, the acute and chronic WQC of three SP pesticides were derived by the species sensitivity distribution (SSD) method to protect aquatic life. The criterion maximum concentration (CMC) values were 0.0066 μg/L, 0.0037 μg/L and 0.2137 μg/L for bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin, respectively. The criterion continuous concentration (CCC) values were 0.0023 μg/L, 0.0029 μg/L and 0.0862 μg/L for bifenthrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin, respectively. The results provide reference values for water quality management. 

Abstract: The study was designed to identify employability and vocational skills needed by University graduates for employment in pig production in Delta State. Three research questions and one hypothesis guided the study. The population of the study was three hundred and forty four (344) respondents who comprised of two hundred and eighty five (285) registered pig farmers and fifty nine (59) University Agricultural Science lecturers. All the subjects in the population were used for the study. Data was collected from respondents using structured questionnaire and hypotheses were tested using t-test. The results of the analysis revealed that the University Graduates needed: seventeen (17) employability skills to run pig production enterprise; fourteen (14) vocational skills to plan a pig production enterprise; twenty-three (23) vocational skills to feed and rear different categories of pig to marketable size; The stated hypothesis was rejected. Based on the findings above, it was recommended that the employability and vocational skill items identified by the study should be used by skill acquisition centers in the State to train university graduates who intend to enter pig production enterprise; the skills should be made available to unemployed/employed university graduates by the government through the media and libraries to enable unskilled graduates to acquire the identified needed skills for employment in pig production. 

Abstract: The present study deals with a comparative study of some Teleosts which belonging to the family Cypriniformes a fish, Aspius vorax (Heckel, 1843) and fish, Barbus sharpeyi (Cunther, 1874) and fish Barbus xanthopterus (Heckel, 1843), to estimate filtration area of gill rakers, collected (278 fish) Swaib area of ​​West Qurna district / province of Basra during the period between October / 2014 a month until the month of March / 2015 by using gill nets. The results showed that the studied fish vary in the forms and prepare of gill rakers it was noted that the A. vorax have small , acute and fewer number of gill rakers ranged between (12 -19), while fish B. sharpeyi and B. xanthopterus was of gill rakers elongated and skinny and with many numbers ranged numbers between (17-24 and 20-30) in B. sharpeyi fish and B. xanthopterus respectively. The present results showed the difference of fish studied in values of filtration area (mm²) of gill rakers , A. vorax have filtration area larger than of B. sharpeyi and B. xanthopterus, The filtration area in A. vorax was ranged between (64 – 151 mm²) while were ranged between (14 – 69 mm²) in B. sharpeyi and ranged between (31 – 70 mm²) in B. xanthopterus , and this difference  lead to incorporeal differences (P Ë‚ 0.05) between studied species, and this study first locally on these species . 

Abstract: Concerning air pollution, the elemental characterization of airborne particles has been recognized as a significant air quality parameter due to their impact on the environment and human health.  Hence, concentrations of ten trace elements were analyzed in 96 RSPM samples collected in winter and summer seasons, to know the status and seasonal variations of metals concentration at the study area.  The measured data revealed that all most all the elements were within the prescribed standards specified by standard organizations and it was observed that little variations were observed from changing seasonal conditions and metals concentrations were continuing to raise slowly within the study area.  The data revealed that the average percentage of measured total heavy metal loadings in the mean values of respirable particulate matter of the entire study area was accounted for 4.7%.  Data obtained were statistically analyzed by correlation coefficients, principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods to ascertain the relation and possible contributing factors towards the metal concentrations. 

Abstract: Experience with bio-fertilizers included two sub-experiences,with maize and sunflower. Placing of experiences was performed by the method of Latin,rectangle in three repetitions, on Braila Plain, Romania, in 2014 year. The biological products used were Bactofil and Algafix, in four doses (V2 - Bactofil 285g / ha + Algafix 1.5 l / ha; V3 - Bactofil 500g / ha + Algafix 2 l / ha; V4 - Bactofil 571g / ha + Algafix 2.5 l / ha; V5 - Bactofil 642,8g / ha + Algafix 3 l / ha). The control was variant without fertilizers. Biometric measurements were performed throughout the growing period and at harvest were determined elements of productivity and average production to determine optimal doses for increased production in terms of quantity and quality. 

Abstract: The mechanical and biodegradability properties of Linear Low Density Polyethylene blended with Icacina trichantha starch (ITS) and Holcus sorghum (Guinea corn) husk (GCH) were assessed using standard methods. The tensile strength and percentage elongation at break decreased with increase in filler contents of the blended materials, with the tensile strength  and percentage elongation of LLDPE blended with ITS decreasing from 7.89N/mm² to 1.60N/mm² and 19.6 to 8.2% respectively whereas LLDPE blended with GCH decreased from 7.23N/mm² to 1.89N/mm² and 33% to 12.4%  respectively. The results of biodegradability test showed changed in pH from slightly acidic to slightly basic with all the two blended samples giving a pH range of 6.98 to 7.98. The percentage weight loss of each blended LLDPE increased with increase in amount of filler content with LLDPE blended ITS showing weight loss ranging from 1.3% to 38.6% and LLDPE blended with GCH giving weight loss range of 0.6% to 32.6% after 14 days incubation period. This showed that ITS improved the biodegradability of LLDPE more than the GCH and the overall results showed that biodegradability of polyethylene can be increased by blending with plant materials.