Abstract: The new rural strategies taking place in the European Union (EU) , having eradicated  the philosophy behind the creation of the Common Agricultural Policy  (CAP) are creating  genuine territorial disarray in production terms in a situation that has been developing for some time since its reform was implemented.  The discourse on the environment and rural development as part of community policy for the immediate future are no more than a worn-out disguise which is becoming unable to conceal the wave of liberalisation sweeping agricultural markets and the selection and specialisation of more competitive operations, abandoning family production units in its wake.  All of this is accompanied by concentration of production in the most profitable regions and the clear marginalisation of less favourable areas. 

Abstract: This study aims to improve the welfare of fishermen families through the increase role of the fishermen wives in income generating for their families. This study is to formulate a model of inceasing the role of fishermen wives in income generating for productive entrepreneurship-oriented business development through the processing and management of the caught fish. The research subject is for 60 people from 6 villages along the coastal side of two subdistricts (Ampenan and Sekarbela). Ten people is taken simple-randomly from each village by considering their representatives. And the involved informants are taken by purposive sampling technique based on the required informations. Each group is arranged to develop fish processing business, namely the production of salted fish, boiled fish, and fish crackers. This study used qualitative method, so the life of poor fisherman family would be well understandable directly on site, especially those related to the poor fishermen wives empowerment based on their own potentials and the existing marine resources. The formulation of model empowerment of fisherman wife is begun by identifying the potentials of the community economic business development, program socialization, building target groups,designing fish processing business model. Model empowerment of poor fishemen wives is developed through three basic development concepts, those are: Community Development, Pre-Business Development, Business Development. It is expected that this empowerment model can be applied to other poor fishermen wives in order to improve the fishermen families welfare in Indonesia.     

Abstract: The Colacha stream basin (Córdoba, Argentina) is an agro-ecosystem where intensive livestock production exists. Protein complexes supplied to animals incorporate heavy metals into the environment through faeces and urine. In order to determine the presence and behavior of heavy metals (Cu and Zn) in soils located under concentrated animal feed operation (CAFOs), three soil profiles were surveyed according to livestock activities a) medium cow CAFO b) small pig CAFO c) natural soil (reference). The results were treated with multivariate descriptive statistics techniques. The soil profiles under CAFOs, presented maximum Cu and Zn values of 34.37 ppm and 43.31 ppm, respectively. These values are in the range of the average concentration of soils worldwide, although they showed a notorious increase compared to the background regional soil values (Cu = 7.31 ppm and Zn = 11.67 ppm) that is, an increment of 470% and 370% respectively. The results and multivariate statistical analysis indicate that Cu and Zn in available state and complexed with organic matter (OM) are controlled by pH and OM values. In the most disturbed soil profile (medium CAFO) there is more OM and total Cu and Zn values are most clearly associated with it. The results show the impact of livestock on soil, which could be a source of pollutants wherein eventually would trigger their migration to the water table.     

Abstract: Low water availability in semiarid of Paraiba State, especially, water supply diffuse communities, requires alternative technologies for increasing the offer. Therefore, estimate the potential volume of rainwater catchment (VPC) in Natural Tanks (TN), located in Sitio Olho D'Água, Pocinhos, PB, and describe the main geological features were the main objectives of this work. We used a series of rainfall, courtesy of the Executive Agency of Water Management in Paraíba, which was analyzed by climatologically statistics of criteria that set the rainfall patterns at different levels of probability. The annual volumes of water intake were determined for six scenarios of rainfall due to the catchment area of the NTs and geological description, based on texture, color, mineralogical composition and weathering processes, by exfoliation, appearance of secondary minerals and the presence of plants. The main results indicated that rainfall patterns are irregular and asymmetrical, TN is inserted on plutonic rocks and there are indications the three types of weathering. The expansion of access to water stored in rocks tanks ensures coexistence in the semiarid, though the accuracy of the VPC need to establish local rainfall patterns.