Abstract: Conservation of natural pistachio forests considering internal villages by community forestry management are substantiated.  Pistachio as a raw material are applied in industry, nutrition (such as nut), anti oxidant and other material in some diseases and in economic specially. Rahimabad pistachios (Pistacia vera L.) forest of Mashhad has 1882 hectares. Method of sampling is compilation for estimating of cover vegetation percent and density is executed. Transect with 300 m length in northern along direction of net inventory for diameter of cover (d.o.c) of trees more than 2 m plus one sample with 1000 m²area is situated. In this samples characteristic of woody species that d.o.c of them less than 2 m are measured and documented. Mean of density is 160.72 stem per hectares and cover average is 4.54%. Results showed that 30% of tree cover is belong to Amygdalus spinosissima, 26% to Pistacia vera, 25% Atraphaxis spinosa, 14% Zygophyllum sp and 5% other species. Regeneration of Pistacia vera was estimated 13%. For economical protection of rural region and prevention of migration should be established reclamation and improvement of rangelands and forest development by seeds and seedlings along promotion and teaching of this forest.  Corporations in social forestry could be executed and supervised activities for conservation of forest, correct utilization, trade, maintenance and seeds preparatory and etc.

Abstract: Rice (oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important cereal crops of the worlds. Nitrogen deficiency is one of the most important nutritional disorders in lowland rice producing. Fertilizer nitrogen has become a major input in crop production around the world The economic and environmental costs of the heavy use of chemical N fertilizers in agriculture are a global concern,sustainability considerations mandate that alternatives to N fertilizers must be urgently sought. The biological nitrogen fixation(BNF) is a way to eliminate the usage of chemical fertilizer and also to prevent the damage to the agricultural ecosystem.  Biofertilizers has already proved to be the best over the agro chemicals and have been showing the tremendous effect on the global agriculture productivity since the past two decades. 

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal during summer seasons of 2011 and 2012 to identify the high yielding early to medium maturity hybrid rice varieties under irrigated transplanted condition. The experiment was conducted in RCB design having three replications. Two sets of experiment during both year were conducted and the result revealed that Indam 20017 (6409 kg ha^-1) and Ford 140 (5849 kg ha^-1) produced highest grain yield during 2011 while Rashi 111 (5795 kg ha^-1) and DRH 748 (5556 kg ha^-1) produced the highest grain yield during 2012. 

Abstract: New corn cultivars introduced in Khuzestan include Karun and Valfajr 700 that are very well adapted to the climatic conditions of this province. Applying the required nutrients (including the microelements iron and zinc) to the soil is necessary for increasing the quality and quantity of fodder corn. The main subject of this research was to study the effects of supplying the full quantities of nutrients required by this crop on the quantitative yield of the new fodder corn cultivars. In this regard, the roles and importance of the elements iron and zinc in the structures of photosynthetic compounds are very important. Another subject of this research was related to the comparison of the two new commercial corn hybrids that were recently (in 2012) introduced by the Safiabad Agricultural Research Center to be planted by farmers. It is imperative that the nutrients needed by these hybrids be determined and recommended to the corn growers so that they can provide the nutrients for their crop. Moreover, we were interested in finding the mutual effects of spraying these elements and in comparing the hybrids to see planting which hybrid, and spraying which element, resulted in the highest seed, stems, and leaf yields.

Abstract: Weeds play an important role in the production systems. They compete with crops for water, nutrients, air and light thereby resulting poor crop growth.  Many narrow leaved, broad leaved and grassy weeds are associated with wheat, which ultimately reduce the grain yield. Weeds are the major constraints to wheat cultivation in many regions of South Asia. It is reported that more than 90 species of weeds infesting this crop in Indian sub-continent and direct yields loss due to mixed weed flora ranges from 20 to 40% depending on weed species. In Nepal, it is estimated that weeds can reduce wheat yield up to 50%, sometimes even higher depending upon the severity and species of weeds. Several studies showed that straw mulch minimized both grassy and broadleaf weeds up to 80% in wheat. Tillage is another important factor in weed management program. Zero tillage or surface seeding technology is gaining popularity in wheat cultivation as it has not only reduced the incidence of most problematic weeds Phalaris minor Retz. and Chenopodium album L. but also improved the input-use efficiency ), improved soil condition due to decomposition of crop residues in situ, increase in infiltration rate, reduced cost of seed bed preparation and early sowing of wheat in rice-wheat system.. It is reported minimum weed dry weight with the use of lower dose of nitrogen and it significantly increased with higher dose of nitrogen.

Abstract:  The overall objective of the study is to locate underground anomalies in form of cavities, fractures, faults or any other anomalies that might exist within the ground subsurface makeup to a depth of 20m below existing ground level using multi-geophysical techniques in term of microgravity and Electrical Resistivity Tomography to meet the requirement of building construction in the project area. Topographically the area is bounded by altitudes as high as 4m in the southern and eastern part and 0m in northern and western and central parts (above the main sea level) towards the east direction. Apparently the terrain surface of the project area is covered by silty and fine-grained sediments of the Sabkha formation. Eight lines of microgravity and Electrical Resistivity Tomography were collected at the proposed site. The interpretation of three lines of gravity data from the proposed site is presented in this work. In each line a small anomalous low value was identified. These may represent week zones in the subsurface. However these anomalous values could also be the result of a local dip in bedrock surface, a variation in the density of bedrock, or a variation in the density of the overburden. Considering the boreholes and ERT sections the formations from top of bed rock to 20m depth in the site are mainly slightly to moderately weathered. The siltstone between 8 and 12m approximately are highly weathered and fractured. 

Abstract: The paper deals with connections between solar flare activities and light-trap collection of Horse Chestnut Leaf Miner (Cameraria ohridella Deschka et Dimić 1986). The authors have worked out the light-trap catch data from a light-trap operated in Budapest Hungary, Europe. The data were taken from seven years between 1997 and 2006. Our results proved that the daily catches were significantly modified by the Q-index, expressing the different lengths and intensities of the solar flares. On days with high Q-index relative to the ones of the average swarming periods, the numbers of catches are considerably lower. 

Abstract: The influence of organic amendments and inorganic fertilizers on natural infestation of late blight and fruit yield of tomato was investigated with an aim to develop best possible nutrient schedule for tomato. The treatments were selected for sole and combined application of varied levels of vermicompost and farmyard manure along with 100% and 75% of recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF-100:60:60 kg N P K ha^-1) in presence and absence of biofertilizer. Fourteen treatment combinations were laid out in RBD with three replications. The result revealed that none of the treatments were found completely free from late blight incidence, however the incidence varied in different treatments. Higher levels of vermicompost emerged as better organic nutrient source over that of farmyard manure and use of biofertilizer exerted more benefits over the uninoculated treatments. Application of 75% RDF along with vermicompost (4 tonnes ha^-1) inoculated with biofertilizer recorded significantly lowest percent disease index (PDI-13.84%) and produced highest marketable fruit yield (26.14 tonnes ha^-1) compared to highest PDI of 31.62% and lowest fruit yield (15.42 tonnes ha^-1) by the treatment containing 100% sole inorganic fertilizers. 

Abstract: Rajasthan, the largest state in India, is characterized by diverse geographical features and significant rural population density. This paper investigates the distribution and spatial arrangement of the rural population in Rajasthan, utilizing data from the Census of India and advanced geographical information systems (GIS). The study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of demographic patterns, population density, and settlement structures within the state's rural areas. The analysis reveals distinct population density variations across Rajasthan, influenced by factors such as topography, climate, and availability of natural resources. The western regions, dominated by the Thar Desert, exhibit sparse population densities, whereas the eastern regions, influenced by the Aravalli Range and more fertile land, show higher population concentrations. Settlement patterns in rural Rajasthan are predominantly clustered and dispersed, driven by access to water sources, agricultural viability, and transportation networks. Further, the study identifies significant regional disparities in socioeconomic conditions, which affect the spatial arrangement of the rural population. Higher literacy rates, better infrastructure, and diverse occupational structures are concentrated in certain districts, contributing to uneven population distribution.
The findings of this research highlight the critical need for targeted rural development policies that address regional disparities and promote sustainable population distribution. Recommendations include improving infrastructure, enhancing educational opportunities, and ensuring equitable resource distribution to foster balanced rural development. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge on rural demographics in India and offers valuable insights for policymakers, planners, and researchers focusing on rural development and spatial analysis.