Abstract: An original digester design is adopted in building a lab scale 20 L biogas plant. The novelty is the digester has a recycling line apart from other inclusions (inlet, outlet, gasline etc.) including water seal. Initially cow dung (inoculum) was added. After initial gas production, cow dung in the digester was co digested with food waste. Main ingredients of the food waste included rice, vegetable peelings, cucumber, bitter gourd etc., This waste had slightly higher solids and volatile solids (9.3% and 94.9%) content compared to cow dung (8.5% and 93.1%). The biogas volume was determined by measuring the downward movement of the water line and calculating the volume of the water that was displaced by gas. The loading rate of the digester in terms of Total solids was 16.6 kg/ (m³*day).  The amount of biogas production starting from the 16^th to the 23^rd day was 6.7L.  This biogas did not burn. The failure to burn was probably due to low methane and a high carbon dioxide concentration in the biogas. After the 23^rd day 650 mL biogas was ignited using a match stick. The total biogas yield recorded was 68.50L for a period of 60 days. The lab temperature was between 30- 34⁰C.  Maximum microbial counts of 6.21*10⁴ colonies / mL were observed during the peak of biogas production. The phosphate content was recorded 1.027 mg/100g (slurry content) on the 60^th day. The volatile solids finally reduced to 81.66% of total solids. This volatile solids reduction/destruction/ leads to conversion of biogas. The volume of biogas produced from the amount volatile solids destroyed calculated using the ideal gas law was 51Litres. In an Indian scenario, food waste can become a good feedstock for biogas production at Indian households instead of going to the dump yards or being burnt along with plastic/polythene cover. Of the different types of organic wastes available food waste holds highest potential of economic exploitation as it contains high amount of carbon in the volatile solids that can be converted into biogas. The widespread implementation of biogas digesters in urban areas would contribute to the solution of the problems of urban sanitation  energy supply and mitigation of green house gases. 

Abstract: Undeniably, a good architecture should be novel in design, at the same time, it should be ecologically and environmentally friendly. From macroscopic perspective, site selection is closely related to the overall with energy conservation. As a large-scale sports building, natatorium is closely bonded with factors such as population distribution, population size, and zoning. A proper planning layout will increase the level of resource utilization and achieve the aim of energy conservation. 

Abstract: The air pollution problem has been serious in Delhi due to the rapidly expanding economic, industrial and vehicular developments. It has significant influences on atmospheric visibility, whose degradation dominates in urban areas. Increased air pollution in urban area may lead to the atmospheric reactions, resulting into the formation of secondary pollutants similar to cloud the condensation processes. Northern regions of India experience severe visibility degradation conditions during the peak of winter season (December-January) each year. In this study, air pollutants concentration, meteorological parameters and atmospheric visibility in Delhi during 2006-2011 peak winter season of the years have been studied. In order to study the impact of air pollutants on visibility at IGI airport of Delhi  during the winter season (December and January), the   daily data of visibility and  meteorological  parameters like  dry bulb temperature , humidity , wind speed , Dew point temperature  have been  collected  and a study  is carried out to correlate these parameters and air quality in terms of the  concentration of  CO , NOx , SO₂ and O₃ with the observed visibility. The analysis is carried out in two different ways to find the impact of air pollutants as well as other meteorological parameters on visibility. At first stage the normalized values of daily observed concentration of air pollutants and averaged values of daily visibilities along with other meteorological parameters are studied. Secondly, the analysis of hourly normalized data of the 7440 observations of hourly visibility and daily averaged visibility in the above said period is found to be 1636.9 meters and 1625.1 meters respectively. The regression analysis of daily averaged visibility using empirical model demonstrates that higher the concentration of air pollutants (CO, NOx, SO₂, O3), lower the visibility. Because air pollutants have a significant impact on atmospheric visibility, it is also observed that a targeted reduction of air pollutants in Delhi would improve the visual range. 

Abstract: Geochemical studies were carried out from the Garudamangalam (Trichinopoly) formation Cretaceous of Ariyalur, Tamilnadu, India. For this idea, major, minor and Trace elements were resolute by XRF from the limestone samples. Difference of CaO contented with other oxides is ascribed to the variation in the physico-chemical condition throughout the period of deposition. Higher proportion of Ca with the occurrence of Fe₂O₃ indicates a blocked basin under dipping environment. Occurrence of iron oxide also indicates reducing environment. Ca/Mg ratio was used to determine the salinity and evaporation condition. The higher percentage of Ca/Mg ratio in the limestones signifies lower salinity in the area of deposition near to the shoreline. MgO against Fe₂O₃, Al₂O₃ shows negative correlation against CaO. SiO₂ shows positive correlation with MgO and Fe₂O₃ while that of CaO shows negative correlation. Increase of SiO₂ content with the influx of terrigenous material indicates change of depositional environment. The limestones of different units are categorized as Magnesium and Pure Limestone on the basis of high Ca/Mg ratio. Presence of phosphate and manganese in the limestone is indicative of warm and humid climate. The higher amount of Fe₂O₃ in limestone lowers the absorption capacity with lowers the rate of ignition. The trace elements data indicate the formation of the limestones in the proximity of the shoreline 

Abstract: Soil samples were collected from olive orchards at Aljouf region, Saudi Arabia to isolate and identify Entomopathogenic nematodes. EPNs extracted by greater wax moth, Galleria melonella L. larvae baiting technique. In two samples Heterorhabditis spp. (Ord. Rhabditida: Fam. Heterorhabditidae) and in one sample Steinernema spp. (Ord. Rhabditida: Fam. Steinernematidae) were identified. The soil acidity in the samples ranged between 7.6 - 7.9 PH. The pathogenicity of these nematode isolates was tested on the olive scale, Parlatoria oleae Colvée, under laboratory conditions. The aim of this work was to determine if the tested nematodes could reach and kill the pest nymph inside the scale. Water suspensions of different nematodes were prepared and sprayed on the infested leaves and branches. Doses of 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1200 infective juveniles (Ijs) nematodes per/ml. were applied; leaf disks and branches were sprayed with 1ml (0.5ml/side) of different concentrations of a nematode suspension. Doses used showed a highly positive response. The nymphal mortality was more than that of the adults when Oleyl-polypeptide (wax remover) was added in the nematodes solution. Heterorhabditis spp. achieved the highest mortality (76%) at the dose of 1200 Ijs/ml. The mortality rates increased with the increase of nematodes concentration. 

Abstract: Two members of order Zygnematales, Mougeotia and Spirogyra are vigorously growing in Durg region to an extent that they allow only the compatible microalgae to grow with them. The present study was conducted to investigate the preliminary Phycochemicals present in these algae and antimicrobial tests were conducted to ascertain their compatibility with the other plants in the vicinity and these characteristics make their appearance vital for the water bodies. Presence of carbohydrates, proteins and fats was reported in them along with secondary metabolites as alkaloids and sterols show the active metabolism taking place in them. Antimicrobial study establishes them as potent antibacterial agents as compared to antifungal. 

Abstract: Applied categorisation of domesticated plant species would be carried out into their main applied categories may be done accordingly i.e. plants for fuel purpose, plants for fodder purpose, plant species for medicinal use, plants for edible purpose, and plant species of commercial values. 

Abstract: The present study aimed at exploring the roles of individual-social characteristics, the characteristics of ICT, access to ICT and information resources of ICT on the rate of adoption and application of ICT among ICT users in Tarom city, Zanjan Province. The data of this descriptive-correlational study were collected by using structured interview and questionnaire. The population of the study consists of ICT users located in the Tarom city. Using Morgan table, 196 users were selected as sample. Results showed that access to ICT, individual information resources of ICT, characteristics of ICT, individual-social characteristics, mass information resources of ICT affect. level of adoption and application of ICT, which these variables, totally, explained 61/5 percent of variations in the level of adoption and application of ICT. 

Abstract: The district is irregular hexagon in shape in the northeastern part of the State lies between 2702” east longitudes. It is surrounded by Churu district on the northwestern side Hissar and Mahendragarh district of Haryana State in the northeastern p art and by Sikar district in the west, south and south eastern part-2. For the propose of administration the district is divided into five administrative subdivision viz, Chirawa, Udaipurwati, Jhunjhunu, Khetri and Nawalgarh Six Tehsil viz Jhunjhunu, Chirawa, Khetri, Nawalgarh, Buhana, Udaipurwati and eight Panchyat Samities viz Jhunjhunu, Chirawa, Khetri, Nawalgarh, Buhana, Udaipurwati, Alsisar and Surajgarh.